As winter sets in, the importance of hay for maintaining animal performance becomes clear. Deciding whether to buy or produce hay depends on your farm’s specific needs, costs, and goals. Both options have their pros and cons, with the decision depending on economic, logistical, and operational factors. Raising hay offers control over quality and supply, but it comes with expenses like labor, fertilizer, fuel, equipment, and the loss of nutrients from the soil with each harvest. Over time, this nutrient loss can reduce soil fertility and yields unless properly managed. Custom harvesting costs, including mowing, raking, and baling, also add to the overall expense. On the other hand, buying hay can be more cost-effective if you plan ahead. Purchasing during low-demand periods, like late spring or early summer, and storing it properly can save money compared to buying during peak feeding seasons or droughts when prices rise. Adequate storage also helps you build reserves for emergencies, minimizing dependence on the market during challenging times.

If you’re thinking about raising hay, it’s important to take a close look at all your costs. One cost that’s often overlooked is the value of nutrients removed from the soil when you harvest hay. For example, mixed grass hay removes nutrients worth about $35 per 700-pound bale, and that doesn’t even include the costs of harvesting, fuel, or equipment. These nutrients need to be replaced to keep your soil productive, which adds to your overall expenses. If you can produce hay at or below the cost of buying it, raising your own hay might be a smart move. But for smaller farms, the upfront investment in equipment like mowers, rakes, balers, and the ongoing costs for repairs and maintenance can make raising hay more expensive in the long run. In these cases, buying hay – especially if you plan ahead and purchase during low-demand periods – might save you money and free up your time.

Many producers find that a combination of strategies works best. Stockpiling pastures and overseeding annual forages can reduce the need for hay, while buying hay during low-demand periods and storing it ensures you have enough for emergencies. The key is understanding your costs and finding a balance that works for your farm. Whether you choose to buy, raise, or combine both, planning ahead and knowing your numbers can save money and keep your operation running smoothly. If you want to know more, check our last Extension publication: W1294